Natural Language Processing (NLP) offers methods for understanding and quantifying the similarity between written documents. This session presents research from three organizations on the use of NLP for the identification of enemy and duplicate items to improve the maintenance of test item banks. Similar pairs of items can be identified using NLP, limiting the number of items content experts must review to identify enemy and duplicate items. Results show that previously unidentified enemy pairs can be discovered with this method with a high degree of accuracy.